Preparing for Extreme Weather

According to Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph (WDG) Public Health’s Climate Change and Health Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Science Report, a warming climate in Wellington County is expected to bring more frequent and intense heat waves, heavier rainfall, flooding, poorer air quality, and a greater risk of diseases spread by ticks and mosquitoes. These shifts can affect people's health and daily lives, particularly for those who are most vulnerable.

Changing weather patterns can also affect buildings and infrastructure by increasing the risks associated with flooding, high winds, ice, and extreme heat, while placing greater demands on energy systems and increasing the potential for service disruptions during extreme weather events.

As extreme weather becomes more frequent and severe, taking steps to adapt and prepare is essential. The following resources and supports can help residents and communities build resilience, reduce risks, and better respond to the impacts of a changing climate.

According to Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph (WDG) Public Health’s Climate Change and Health Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Science Report, a warming climate in Wellington County is expected to bring more frequent and intense heat waves, heavier rainfall, flooding, poorer air quality, and a greater risk of diseases spread by ticks and mosquitoes. These shifts can affect people's health and daily lives, particularly for those who are most vulnerable.

Changing weather patterns can also affect buildings and infrastructure by increasing the risks associated with flooding, high winds, ice, and extreme heat, while placing greater demands on energy systems and increasing the potential for service disruptions during extreme weather events.

As extreme weather becomes more frequent and severe, taking steps to adapt and prepare is essential. The following resources and supports can help residents and communities build resilience, reduce risks, and better respond to the impacts of a changing climate.


Protecting Your Property

If you live in a flood-prone area or within a floodplain, taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the risk of property damage and improve safety during flood events. The Intact Centre on Climate Adaptation recommends that homeowners:

  • Know your flood risk and stay informed about local flood warnings and emergency alerts.
  • Install and maintain a backwater valve to help prevent sewage from backing up into your home during heavy rain or flooding.
  • Install and regularly maintain a sump pump, including a battery backup for power outages.
  • Keep eavestroughs and downspouts clear and direct downspouts at least two metres away from building foundations.
  • Maintain proper grading and drainage around your property so water flows away from buildings.
  • Seal cracks in foundations, basement walls, and window wells to reduce water infiltration.
  • Move valuable items and important documents out of basements or store them in waterproof containers.
  • Prepare an emergency plan and emergency kit for your household and be ready to act if flooding is forecast.
  • Review your home insurance policy and understand what flood-related coverage is available.

Click here for a Home Flood Protection Guide


Emergency Alerts and Warning Systems

Grand River Conservation Authority Flood Warnings

The Grand River Conservation Authority (GRCA) monitors weather, river conditions, and water levels throughout the Grand River watershed and issues flood messages when conditions could lead to flooding. These alerts help residents, businesses, and municipalities prepare for potential flood events and take action when necessary.

The GRCA issues three types of flood messages:

  • Watershed Conditions Statement (Yellow): High water levels or weather conditions that could increase flood risk, but flooding is not expected.
  • Flood Watch (Orange): Flooding is possible. Residents and municipalities should be prepared and monitor conditions closely.
  • Flood Warning (Red): Flooding is occurring or is imminent. Action may be required to protect people and property.

Residents are encouraged to:

  • Subscribe to GRCA flood message email notifications.
  • Follow GRCA flood updates on social media.
  • Monitor local weather forecasts and municipal emergency communications during severe weather events.
  • Have an emergency plan and be prepared to act if a Flood Warning is issued.

Click Here for More Information and Flood Alerts


Insurance and Recovery Resources

Flood recovery support typically comes from private insurance, provincial disaster assistance programs, and local flood preparedness and recovery resources.

Home Insurance Coverage

Most Ontario homeowners should first contact their insurance provider immediately after a flood event. Coverage may include:

  • Overland flood insurance (water entering from rivers, streams, or surface runoff), if purchased as an endorsement.
  • Sewer backup coverage, if included in the policy.
  • Temporary living expenses if the home becomes uninhabitable, depending on policy terms.
  • Cleanup, repairs, and replacement of damaged contents, where covered.

Important: Take photographs, keep receipts, and notify your insurer before beginning major repairs whenever possible. Provincial assistance generally requires evidence of insurance claims or denial letters.

Disaster Recovery Assistance for Ontarians (DRAO)

Ontario operates the Disaster Recovery Assistance for Ontarians (DRAO) program, which may be activated after significant natural disasters such as floods. The program can help homeowners, tenants, small businesses, farms, and non-profits recover costs not covered by insurance.

Potential assistance may include:

  • Cleanup expenses
  • Repair or replacement of essential property
  • Emergency expenses such as evacuation costs
  • Reimbursement of up to 90% of eligible expenses, subject to program limits and deductibles.

However, assistance is only available when the Province formally activates DRAO for a specific geographic area. Residents should check current activation areas at Ontario's disaster assistance website.


The Drayton Flood Mitigation Project

Drayton has a long history of flooding and does not benefit from the flood-control protection provided by Conestogo Lake Dam and has experienced several significant floods, including events estimated to occur once every 10, 25, and up to 50 to 100 years.

Following the 2017 flood, provincial Disaster Recovery Assistance Program funding supported culvert upgrades, shoreline stabilization, and climate adaptation planning.

Improvements to wastewater capacity are now underway. In 2022, the Grand River Conservation Authority completed a flood damage assessment that updated flood mapping, identified vulnerable infrastructure, and evaluated potential mitigation measures. One recommended option, extending the existing dike, could reduce the number of flooded buildings during a 100-year storm by 93%.

The study also recommended a detailed feasibility assessment to evaluate dike design options, drainage improvements, green infrastructure, climate resilience measures, and overall costs and benefits. On December 9, 2025, Council directed staff to pursue funding and partnerships, and support has since been secured through Climate Ready Infrastructure Services and the Cooperators to complete an options analysis and explore private and public funding partnerships.


 

Extreme heat is becoming more frequent and intense in Canada. These events can affect physical and mental health, increase the risk of heat-related illness, place added strain on community services and infrastructure, and create safety concerns for people who work, exercise, or spend time outdoors. Older adults, young children, people with chronic health conditions, and those without access to cool indoor spaces are particularly vulnerable.

As a farming community, extreme heat can also create significant challenges for farms and livestock. High temperatures can reduce crop productivity, increase water demands, and place stress on farm operations. Livestock such as dairy cattle, beef cattle, poultry, and swine are particularly vulnerable to heat stress.

The resources below can help residents, workers, and farmers prepare for extreme heat, stay safe during heat events, and access local supports when temperatures rise.

Actions Residents Can Take

  • Stay hydrated by drinking water regularly, even before feeling thirsty.
  • Reduce outdoor activity during the hottest part of the day (typically 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.)
  • Wear light-coloured, loose-fitting clothing and a wide-brimmed hat.
  • Spend time in air-conditioned buildings such as libraries, community centres, municipal facilities, or shopping areas.
  • Check on neighbours, family members, and others who may be socially isolated or vulnerable.
  • Never leave children, seniors, or pets in parked vehicles

Actions Workers and Employers Can Take

  • Schedule heavy tasks during cooler morning or evening hours.
  • Provide frequent rest breaks in shaded or cooled areas.
  • Ensure constant access to drinking water.
  • Use a buddy system so workers can recognize heat illness symptoms in co-workers.
  • Implement workplace heat stress plans and employee training.
  • Allow time for workers to gradually acclimatize to hot conditions.

Actions Farmers Can Take

  • Ensure abundant, clean drinking water is always available.
  • Improve barn ventilation and air movement through fans and natural ventilation.
  • Provide shade in outdoor areas and pastures.
  • Adjust feeding schedules to cooler periods of the day.
  • Monitor animals closely during heat warnings and humidity events.
  • Develop emergency plans for drought, water shortages, power outages, and livestock evacuation

Here are some helpful resources:

Weather and Heat Alerts

  • Environment and Climate Change Canada Weather Alerts
  • WeatherCAN App for local heat warnings and notifications

Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health

  • Heat safety information and public health guidance.
  • ClimateSafe Map, which identifies: cooling spaces, drinking water locations, libraries and public buildings, splash pads and pools, and clean air spaces during wildfire smoke events.

Wellington County Emergency Management

  • Emergency preparedness information.
  • Extreme heat preparedness resources.
  • Alert Ready emergency notification information.

Farm and Agricultural Resources

  • Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Agribusiness (OMAFA) heat stress guidance for dairy, beef, swine, and poultry operations.
  • Farm & Food Care Ontario extreme weather resource library.
  • Ontario Federation of Agriculture heat stress and emergency preparedness resources.

Worker Safety Resources

  • Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) heat stress guidance.
  • Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW) Heat Stress Toolkit and calculator.

Ice storms, freezing rain, heavy snowfall, winter storms, and extreme cold are significant hazards in Ontario. These events can create dangerous travel conditions, cause slips and falls, disrupt schools and businesses, damage trees and infrastructure, and lead to prolonged power outages. Heavy snow and ice accumulation can also increase pressure on roofs and create challenges for emergency response and essential services. Rural communities like Mapleton are particularly vulnerable due to longer travel distances, reliance on road transportation, and potential delays in restoring services following severe storms

Actions

Residents

  • Monitor weather forecasts, snowfall warnings, and winter storm alerts before travelling.
  • Prepare an emergency kit with food, water, medications, flashlights, batteries, and backup charging devices.
  • Avoid unnecessary travel during severe weather and allow extra time when travel is necessary.
  • Keep walkways and driveways clear of snow and ice to reduce the risk of falls.
  • Be prepared for power outages by having alternative heat sources and emergency supplies available.

Workers

  • Adjust schedules and outdoor work practices during severe winter weather.
  • Wear appropriate winter clothing and footwear to prevent cold-related illness and injuries
  • Monitor road and site conditions and avoid non-essential outdoor work during dangerous weather.
  • Ensure vehicles and equipment are winter-ready and stocked with emergency supplies.

Farms and Livestock

  • Develop contingency plans for extended power outages and transportation disruptions.
  • Ensure adequate supplies of feed, bedding, fuel, and medications are available before storms arrive.
  • Monitor barns and other structures for snow loads and ice accumulation.
  • Ensure livestock have access to shelter, unfrozen water, and adequate ventilation during winter weather events.
  • Maintain backup generators for critical systems such as water pumps, ventilation, and milking equipment.

Resources

  • Environment and Climate Change Canada Weather Alerts and Winter Storm Warnings. WeatherCAN App for real-time weather notifications and alerts.
  • Wellington County Emergency Management resources on severe winter weather, emergency preparedness, road conditions, and power outages.
  • Alert Ready emergency notification system. WDG Public Health ClimateSafe Map to locate warming spaces and community services during extreme winter weather and power outages.
  • Ontario 511 for current road and travel conditions across Ontario.

Outdoor air quality can be affected by wildfire smoke, ground-level ozone, fine particulate matter, and other pollutants. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfire smoke events across Ontario, leading to more days with unhealthy air quality. Poor air quality can worsen asthma and other respiratory conditions, increase cardiovascular risks, reduce outdoor activity, and affect overall well-being. Children, older adults, pregnant people, outdoor workers, and individuals with heart or lung conditions are most vulnerable. Poor air quality can also affect outdoor work, recreation, livestock health, and farm productivity, particularly during prolonged smoke events.

Air quality conditions can change quickly, particularly during wildfire season. The resources below can help residents, workers, and farmers monitor air quality, reduce exposure to smoke and pollutants, and find clean air spaces when conditions deteriorate.

Actions

Residents

  • Monitor the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and local alerts.
  • Reduce strenuous outdoor activity when air quality is poor.
  • Keep windows and doors closed during smoke events when appropriate.
  • Use indoor air filtration systems where possible

Workers

  • Adjust outdoor work schedules when air quality is poor.
  • Increase rest breaks and provide access to clean indoor spaces.
  • Follow occupational health and safety guidance for wildfire smoke exposure. Farms and Livestock
  • Monitor animals for signs of respiratory distress during smoke events.
  • Ensure adequate ventilation while minimizing smoke exposure where possible.
  • Maintain emergency plans for prolonged air quality incidents.

Resources

  • Air Quality Health Index (AQHI)
  • WDG Public Health ClimateSafe Map (clean air spaces)
  • Environment and Climate Change Canada Air Quality Alerts
  • Wellington County Emergency Resources

Climate projections suggest that severe storms and damaging wind events may become more intense as the climate changes. High winds can damage buildings, trees, crops, and infrastructure, disrupt transportation, and cause power outages. Flying debris also creates safety risks for people outdoors. Rural communities may be particularly affected due to longer power restoration times and greater exposure to open landscapes.

For farms, strong winds can damage barns, grain bins, greenhouses, fences, and crops, creating economic losses and operational challenges.

Preparing in advance for severe wind events can help protect people, property, and critical services. The resources below provide guidance on emergency preparedness, property protection, and responding safely during high wind events.

Actions

Residents

  • Secure outdoor furniture and loose objects.
  • Prepare emergency kits and backup lighting.
  • Stay indoors during severe wind events.
  • Avoid downed power lines and damaged trees.

Workers

  • Suspend high-risk outdoor activities when conditions become unsafe.
  • Secure equipment and materials that could become airborne.
  • Follow workplace emergency procedures.

Farms and Livestock

  • Secure equipment, feed storage, and temporary structures.
  • Inspect barns and outbuildings regularly.
  • Develop plans for power outages and infrastructure damage.

Resources

  • Wellington County Emergency Management
  • Alert Ready
  • Environment and Climate Change Canada Weather Alerts
  • Hydro One Outage Resources

Ontario experiences tornadoes every year, and southwestern Ontario is one of Canada's most active tornado regions. Tornadoes can develop with little warning and bring destructive winds that can damage homes, farms, businesses, and infrastructure. Impacts may include injuries, property damage, power outages, transportation disruptions, and loss of crops or livestock shelter. Rural communities can be particularly vulnerable because of the large geographic areas affected and exposure of agricultural operations.

Knowing what to do before, during, and after a tornado can save lives. The resources below provide information on emergency preparedness, weather alerts, safe shelter locations, and recovery after severe storms.

Actions

Residents

  • Monitor watches and warnings during severe weather season.
  • Identify a safe shelter area, such as a basement or interior room on the lowest floor.
  • Prepare an emergency kit and family emergency plan.
  • Stay away from windows during tornado warnings.

Workers

  • Develop workplace severe weather procedures.
  • Move quickly to designated shelter locations when warnings are issued.
  • Maintain communication systems and emergency contacts.

Farms and Livestock

  • Develop emergency plans for livestock and critical infrastructure.
  • Identify safe shelter options where possible.
  • Secure hazardous materials and equipment before severe weather develops.
  • Maintain backup records and emergency contacts.

Resources

  • Environment and Climate Change Canada Weather Alerts
  • WeatherCAN App
  • Wellington County Emergency Management
  • Alert Ready Emergency Notifications